Do you think US elections stimulate lot of interest
in all parts of India ! ~ and more, do you ever imagine that Indian response
can have some impact on the elections ? – not that of Indians settled in USA,
but those from rural India !!!
At 3.30am in
Vienna, there are still helicopters circling overhead, readers are stating. Because
it was the last night before Vienna’s lockdown came into effect, many people
were taking the opportunity to go out for one last time. While some who were in
the city have finally made it home, others are spending the night in the places
they were at when the attacks began. There are stories of lawyers sleeping at their offices, from
attendees at a barre class that ended shortly after 8pm who are sleeping in the
studio – this morning saw hashtag : #austriaAttack – trending twitter. Do you tweet ? – what is your
twitter handle ? – mine is : @KairaviniSampat
Twitter is a modern public
square where many voices discuss, debate and share their views. Media
personalities, politicians and the public turn to social networks for real-time
information and reactions to the day’s events. .. .. .. the % of
population using Twitter, following Twitter, tweeting could be much smaller yet
it is very influential and most observed !
Almost 4.66 billion people were active internet users as of
Oct 2020, encompassing 60 percent of the global population. China, India and
the United States rank ahead all other countries in terms of internet users.
Twitter is particularly popular in the United States, with audience reach of 68.7 million users. Japan
and the India were ranked second and third with 51.9 and 18.9 million users
respectively. 80% of Twitter users are affluent millennials. The top three countries by user count outside
the U.S. are Japan (49.1 million users), India (17 million), and Brazil (15.7
million).
The World has remained
shut-down since mid Mar 2020 and there have been voices of economic
difficulties. Pandemic ! economic
slowdown – what ? - Twitter has announced financial results for its third
quarter 2020. “We have grown our daily audience by 42 million in the last year
as people all around the world come to Twitter to find out about the topics and
events they care about most. I’m pleased mDAU grew 29% year over year to 187
million, driven by global conversation around current events and product
improvements,” said Jack Dorsey, Twitter’s CEO. “Advertisers significantly increased their
investment on Twitter in Q3, engaging our larger audience around the return of
events as well as increased and previously delayed product launches, driving
revenue to $936 million, up 14% year over year,” said Ned Segal, Twitter’s CFO.
“We also made progress on our brand and direct response products, with updated
ad formats, improved measurement, and better prediction.
With less
than 36 hours to go for the US presidential elections, President Donald Trump
held rallies in battleground states of Michigan, Iowa and North Caroline and
planned stops in Georgia and Florida. Biden made an appearance in the closely
contested state of Pennsylvania. Biden is set to close his campaign in
Pittsburgh where he made his maiden campaign appearance in April 2019. After
attacking the main-in ballot system throughout his campaign, President Donald
Trump says that he is gearing up for legal challenges in the counting of mail
and absentee votes in Pennsylvania. “I think it is a terrible thing when
ballots can be collected after an election. I think it is a terrible thing when
people or states are allowed to tabulate ballots for a long period of time
after the election is over because it can only lead to one thing,” Trump said.
“We are going in the night of — as soon as the election is over — we are going
in with our lawyers,” he added.
Within two
weeks of Biden selecting Kamala Harris as his running mate on August 12, his
Twitter following jumped by 738,595 new followers—a 9.1 percent leap. The
number hit 11 million by the third week of October. .. .. … A close examination has revealed unusual patterns. A large
number of Twitter accounts that followed Biden’s appear to have been created
exclusively for that purpose. And a large number of the users are located in
small towns in rural India—in places where English-speakers are rare, and from
handles run by people who don’t speak English as their first language, nor
appear to be genuinely invested in American politics.
Joe Biden's
Twitter account got a sizable boost beginning in August from tens of thousands
of fake followers purchased on the open market from troll farms in rural India,
an investigation has found. Within two weeks of Biden selecting
Kamala Harris as his running mate on August 12, his Twitter following jumped by
738,595 new followers—a 9.1 percent leap. The number hit 11 million by the
third week of October. A close examination has
revealed unusual patterns. A large number of Twitter accounts that followed
Biden's appear to have been created exclusively for that purpose. And a large
number of the users are located in small towns in rural India—in places where
English-speakers are rare, and from handles run by people who don't speak
English as their first language, nor appear to be genuinely invested in
American politics.
A Zenger News
investigation reveals that Biden's increasing social media footprint in India
came from the country's infamous troll farms boosting his candidacy. An interesting article in NewsWeek states
- Kamala Harris's ethic heritage is in
part rooted in India, but her share of Indian and apparently Indian followers
is far lower, about 0.12 percent. Some
of the operators who worked on the campaign spoke at length about how
propaganda agencies in New Delhi and Mumbai activated a widely distributed
troll network to amplify Biden's campaign impact on Twitter.
In discussions over the
Telegram app, Harshit Patel and Yajpal Yadav discussed the part they played. Patel runs a small cybercafé near the railway
station at Umbergaon, a small town four hours north of Mumbai near the
Maharashtra-Gujarat interstate border. From 8:00 am to 8:00 pm, he scans IDs of
customers and allots them a PC for twenty rupees an hour. On the side, he and
his Photoshop-savvy wife Sejal make photocopies, print ID cards, do small
design jobs and offer lamination services.
"This was started as
an internet café by my father in the late 1990s," Patel said, speaking in
Gujarati-accented Hindi. "Back then, men came in mostly for chatting in
IRC [Internet Relay Chat] rooms and surfing porn. It was brisk business. But
then internet became so cheap and everyone got smartphones and business petered
out. We had to rely on passengers asking to print railway tickets, fill up
online forms, and get documents photocopied. But that didn't even cover the
costs of maintaining the PCs and paying the electricity bill. Things changed in
2012–13 when [Narendra] Modi started his campaign for prime minister. And this
became my main business." What Patel means by
"this" is the business of running a troll farm after his shutters go
down at 8:00 p.m.—which is 10:30 a.m. in New York and 7:30 a.m. in California.
Four of his employees,
young men who live in the neighborhood, take their stations at long desks that
line two walls of the tiny shop, and open up task sheets assigned to them. A
Google Doc tells each one of them who to follow, who to retweet, what to
retweet and what comments to leave on specific posts. Using
aliases—each worker controls several hundred—they schedule tweets, check
engagement stats and, at the close of their shifts, fill up a spreadsheet with
their analytics from the previous day. India's troll farm
business is now one of the most decentralized and robust in the world. They
offer nearly anything to paying customers, according to Patel: fake news,
Photoshopped images, support and "hate" campaigns, and even
incitements of mob violence.
Yajpal Yadav, based in the
eastern India town of Patna, has a similar story. The high-school dropout
invested in 5 PCs and a broadband connection in 2016. His IT services agency,
as he calls his one-room setup, now employs six people in addition to him and
his brother Rajpal. "Each one of us controls two to three hundred profiles
across different platforms," Yajpal said in Hindi, his only language.
"We get daily targets from agencies in Delhi and Mumbai, and we simply
engage with the target as we're told." "Political parties are our
main clients, but even brands and celebrities who need promotion come our
way," Yajpal said. "This is a business like any other.
"We
don't pick and choose. Joe Biden the person is irrelevant to us. We got a
target in August to follow him and engage with his tweets, and we did. The
agencies in Delhi who we work with don't tell us any details, and we don't
ask," he said. Yajpal described a pyramid-shaped campaign
structure akin to multi-level marketing, but without the mid-level payoffs.
"There are so many levels [of subcontractors] in this, nobody can really
trace anything back. We don't even get paid through banks. We settle in cash
once a month" via Hawala, a popular international money transfer system
that uses bookkeepers outside official banking networks. He declined to share
specific financial details: "I won't tell you how much we make, but what I
will tell you is this setup is feeding all our families. And I don't have to
ever worry about a roof on my head or about paying my children's' school
fees."
Zenger News data-dumped a
large sample of Joe Biden's new Twitter followers from August 19 to August 28:
seven days of 15,000 data points per day, the maximum allowed by Twitter's
rate-limits. "Typically, fake
accounts are identified by looking at combinations of attributes of the handles
in question," said Saikiran Kannan, a Singapore-based Open Source
Intelligence analyst. He flags some
suspicious and unusual activities by spotting other factors, too, like Twitter
handles that include random-seeming numbers or that leave the default
"egg" as their profile pictures. Excessive duplicate tweets raise red
flags, as do those in incoherent English and tweets that contradict each other.
Most "sock puppets," as they're called, typically retweet only a few
specific accounts in intermittent bursts of high volume. Based on the sample
Zenger News examined, it appears that more than 100,000 such accounts joined
Biden's legitimate followers in August.
Of the
105,000 followers in the sample, 31,981—more than 30 percent—were created on
August 12 or later. Of the 62,478 accounts created before 2020, 16.5 percent
have tweeted fewer than 10 times. Half of those have not tweeted this year at
all. Taking this into account, Zenger analyzed the
remaining 60,000 accounts. A high percentage have popular Indian last names
like Kumar and Singh and display evidence that Hindi is their preferred
language. Saikiran said it was possible but highly unlikely that Americans were
using virtual private networks (VPNs) to fool Twitter into thinking they were
tweeting from India.
"Twitter is very
strict about VPNs," he said. "If you try to sign up or run an account
using a VPN, Twitter flags your account and asks for two-factor
authentication." VPN service providers almost universally offer locations
in large cities, not the small towns where the troll farm industry has thrived.
And Twitter's two-factor authentication scheme
requires a phone with a physical SIM card—not a virtual number like
those available from Google or Microsoft's Skype platform. Indian regulations
permit only nine registered SIM cards per person. But even that has loopholes,
said Patel, the Internet café owner, and if social media platforms were to
require identity verification, he's ready. "Think
a bit," he said about identity verification by photo ID. "I just told
you that I scan IDs of everyone who uses my cybercafé, didn't I?"
With regards
– S. Sampathkumar
03.11.2020